Outlander novelist Diana Gabaldon between Caitriona Balfe and Sam Heughan — who, in their roles as born-two-centuries-apart couple Claire and Jamie, interact with many memorable supporting characters in the Outlander TV series. (Photo by Todd Williamson/Getty Images.)
I support the idea that supporting characters are important.
They’re a big part of the world authors build in their novels; they’re needed for the protagonists to interact with; and they’re frequently quite interesting in their own right.
What they’re often NOT is super-three-dimensional. Why? In most novels, of course, less space is devoted to a supporting character than to a book’s star, so there’s less space to really flesh out secondary players. But that’s not necessarily a bad thing, because somewhat-one-dimensional characters can be quite memorable in their somewhat-one-dimensional-ness.
I noticed this while currently reading the ninth Outlander novel, Go Tell the Bees That I Am Gone. Diana Gabaldon’s riveting series with time-travel elements is chock-full of distinctive supporting characters, with a notable Bees example the strict, stiff, religious, judgmental Elspeth Cunningham — a woman in her 60s or 70s who’s among the settlers living near the Fraser family in 18th-century North Carolina.
Actually, Elspeth becomes a bit more nuanced as the novel goes on. That can happen with supporting characters, as is the case with nosy neighbor Rachel Lynde of L.M. Montgomery’s wonderful Anne of Green Gables and several of its sequels. She morphs from a gossiping busybody to kind of likable.
Very likable yet mostly one-note — as supporting characters often are — is Helen Burns of Charlotte Bronte’s iconic Jane Eyre. That suffering young friend of Jane’s at the miserable Lowood institution is kind, patient, forgiving, and near-saintly. She almost feels more like a symbol than a human being, but stays in the reader’s mind.
Much less saintly is Flintwinch in Charles Dickens’ Little Dorrit, who ruthlessly uses the secrets he knows to gain power over people and get ahead in life.
Not quite so evil but definitely fraudulent are “the duke” and “the dauphin” — the colorful conmen encountered by Mississippi River travelers Huck and Jim in Mark Twain’s classic Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
Speaking of on-the-water novels, the cast of Herman Melville’s epic Moby-Dick includes Starbuck — the Quaker first mate who’s a “voice of reason” on the Pequod ship. (It’s a small role, but Captain Ahab’s underling would become the novel’s star of stars of sorts as the namesake for the Starbucks coffee chain.)
Another minor character who makes a major splash is Flicka, a teen girl suffering from a serious disease. She is fatalistic, funny, and charismatic in (Ms.) Lionel Shriver’s So Much for That — a compelling novel that takes a well-deserved smack at America’s profit-driven medical system.
Death is even more pronounced in Nikolai Gogol’s ultra-quirky Dead Souls, whose supporting characters include the glib, rakish, lying Nozdryov.
And it’s hard to forget Otto Katz — a Jewish-born Catholic priest who’s an atheist (and a drunk) in Jaroslav Hasek’s hilarious The Good Soldier Svejk.
I realize I’ve only scratched the surface here. Any supporting characters you’d like to mention? Anything you’d like to say about the role of secondary players in novels?
My literary-trivia book is described and can be purchased here: Fascinating Facts About Famous Fiction Authors and the Greatest Novels of All Time.
In addition to this weekly blog, I write the 2003-started/award-winning “Montclairvoyant” topical-humor column for Baristanet.com every Thursday. The latest piece — about an alternate universe of tiny development — is here.
Dave, much earlier you wrote a blog about secondary characters, I wish to know if there’s a difference between secondary and supporting characters or if they are different names for the same thing. I would appreciate it if you could clarify it for me. Thank you for your kind attention.
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I think of secondary characters and supporting characters as one and the same. Sometimes I write blog posts with similar themes as earlier ones. Sort of inevitable when I write 52 posts a year, year after year. There are only so many topics. 🙂
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Pingback: Supporting Characters: Why We Like Them – MasteredWriter
This is a continuation of a previous remark on this article. Some of Mark Antony’s memorable lines in “Julius Caesar” are “Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears; I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them; the good is oft interred with their bones;”, “If you have tears, prepare to shed them now.” and “This was the noblest Roman of them all:”.
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Dave, please change Mark Anthony to Mark Antony. Thanks.
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Changed! And, yes, those Mark Antony lines are immortal.
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Hi Dave Bebe here, my all time favorite book still is To Kill A Mockingbird.
I am sure it’s been mentioned in here, Boo Radley was my favorite character occupies a small character in the book. A recluse only was known to come out at night.
There were talks ad gossips around the neighborhood about him and later readers find out how he protected the children..lessons never judge a character by their looks .oh judge a book by their cover.
Later the actor Robert Duvall became a prolific actor.
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Thank you, Bebe!
Boo Radley is indeed a memorable supporting character in “To Kill a Mockingbird.” A small role, as you said, but so crucial — including to the novel’s conclusion. And, yes, his presence really illustrated how people are gossiped about and misunderstood.
Robert Duvall was great playing him in the “TKAM” movie. His first film role, I think.
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What is remarkable about Dostoevsky’s and Tolstoy’s works are that many of their secondary characters seem rather three dimensional. A good example is Anna’s son Seryozha (I had to look up this name) in “Anna Karenina”, even though he is a minor character and appears only in a few scenes, he is written in a very nuanced manner. he is one of the best, most believable pre-adolescent characters in literature.
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Dave, please change the first line in the above comment to “What is remarkable about Dostoevsky’s and Tolstoy’s works are…” Thank you very much.
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Changed!
Yes, many of Dostoevsky’s and Tolstoy’s supporting characters feel three-dimensional, which obviously takes much skill when such characters are not given a lot of page space.
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Hi Dave, I could think of following supporting characters:
Jane Austin-Pride and Prejudice
Melanie Hamilton-Gone With the Wind
Helen Burns-Jane Eye
Octavia-Antony and Cleopatra
Mariam Lievers_ Sons and Lovers…
Guess many more, but can’t recall, I believe supporting characters really enhance the character traits in main ones through contrast and dichotomy.
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Thank you, Tanya!
“…supporting characters really enhance the character traits in main ones through contrast and dichotomy” — yes! Very well said. And you named some great secondary players.
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My pleasure Dave, interesting topics you bring forth. Although I write poetry, literature remains my first love. Thanks 🙏
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Thank you, Tanya! 🙂 Literature is a great first love to have. And your poetry is terrific!
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Thanks Dave for being so kind.. writing is tedious for me esp. in English coz I’m not a native speaker. I am a product of Post Colonialism like Edward Said born and raised in East fed in English Literature…🤪🤪🤪🤪 and convent education 🙄🙄
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You’re very welcome, Tanya!
Writing can indeed be difficult to do, especially when one is not writing in one’s native language. That makes your poetry even more impressive!
I’m an admirer of the late Edward Said’s work.
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Thanks Dave, your words are encouraging.
Edward Said’s discourse and works shaped me. In the early stages of my literary journey, I was drawn towards existentialism and nihilism reading works of writers such as Camus, Beckett and Kafka… but than I discovered Orientalism. It made so much sense and was like coming home. I was fed on traditional British literature from Chaucer to Hughes and here comes a literary figure who revised and revisited these discourses
, although it made me a cynical reader. Dais’s analysis and commentaries are spot on 🙂
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Sounds like a very interesting reading and learning journey, Tanya! It’s a great feeling to discover a philosophy/analyses/writers that/who make sense to us.
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Dave, you mentioned the fantasy adventure novel “She” some time ago on your blog. Although this is not one of my favorite novels I remember the courageous, doomed Ustane more than the three main characters in this novel.
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Ustane is indeed a memorable, brave, and poignant supporting character, Tony. I wish things had worked between her and the man she loved (Leo Vincey, who was of course basically bewitched by Ayesha aka “She”).
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In “Crime And Punishment”, Roskolnikov’s sister Dunya is an overlooked character. Although I don’t remember a lot of the details in this novel, she shows a great deal of inner strength and is probably one of the few virtuous female characters in classic literature to fire a pistol in anger (in self defense).
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I liked that supporting character a lot, too, Tony. Excellent mention! “Crime and Punishment” has several memorable secondary players — including Razumíkhin.
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I wrote this and posted it elsewhere, but I thought, on the chance it might amuse, to let readers here have a look:
After the discovery that the former president had actually gone so far as to bite the head off a baby, Swanson White of Fox News wondered “What’s become of this great country? Are we all just whiny sob sisters who can’t see the big picture? Have we all forgotten the long teeth and big bellies of the Founders? Who’s to say that Washington himself didn’t eat babies whole, not just the head? After all, relish was invented in his lifetime, and relish is all you need to enjoy babyflesh, cooked or raw.”
CNN meanwhile, had earlier reported that, during his tumultuous first year in office, Trump may have eaten more than one baby’s head, and had phoned several associates to ask if they had a line on babies available in bulk, at wholesale prices. But by afternoon, further investigation revealed that , while he may have phoned friends to inquire as to availability, there is no incontrovertible proof that he had actually received any such shipment, though at least one staffer did recall hearing what might have been a baby’s cry coming from the Oval Office, though it might have been Ivanka.
By nightfall, bearded news dispenser Blister concluded, “I was pretty sure this looked pretty bad, but now it might look better if we wait long enough for the DOJ to investigate, which they just might do, or maybe we’ll forget.”
Breathless from his sprint down the interminable Hall of Congress, Freedom Thought Leader McCarthy spoke in short bursts. “Nothing to see here. The gutter mainstream media has recklessly accused the president of multiple instances of baby-biting.”
When a reporter, in track shoes but otherwise clad in business attire, pushed back by saying the initial report had not been denied, McCarthy bristled: “Look, maybe he kissed one baby extra hard one time. Besides, even if he did bite him, even if he accidentally ate his head, it’s just one little baby.” And with a boyish glint in his eye added “and I know how we can make more.”
On Newswax, Baron Stenchfield opined “At last we have a real man in the Oval Office, and I can sleep at night, especially now that we don’t have that damn baby at home howling at all hours, though I’m sure wherever he is, President Trump is doing good things to him. When I first asked the president if he’d take the baby off our hands, he told me “Stenchfield, not only will I take in your baby, but I will do so with relish.”
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Howdy Dave! Would you please use your magic editing powers on site to change the last phrase in my first sentence to:
I’d let readers here have a look.
Thanks!
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Fixed!
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Well, jhNY, this satirical piece certainly reflects how Trump could do almost anything and still not lose the backing of right-wing media, most fellow Republicans, and right-wing voters — all of whom can perhaps be called Trump’s “supporting characters.”
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Thanks for seeing the pertinence to the week’s topic I missed!
I modestly propose the satire is Swiftian in inspiration, though sadly, not in exposition.
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I definitely thought of Swift’s “A Modest Proposal” when reading your piece!
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Dave it may not be so now after one year…Republicans are slowly realizing that trump hanging on to his 2020 election loss and lies he is sticking by is hurting the Party. they are also realizing trump is only for himself as always.
.Lets see wow that goes…
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Bebe, I’d like to think Republicans are trying to move beyond Trump, but very few are doing so — at least publicly. And those that are (such as Liz Cheney) are basically tossed out of the party. I think most Republicans are privately disgusted by Trump but are too scared of him and his “base” to be quoted. Spineless.
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https://www.businessinsider.com/fox-news-host-kilmeade-says-trump-arizona-claim-outright-lie-2022-2
” Fox News host Brian Kilmeade said on air that Donald Trump’s claim that he won Arizona in the 2020 presidential election was an “outright lie,” and that the former president was wasting supporters’ time with bogus election-fraud claims. “
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” The voter, called Logan, said he was concerned that Trump’s obsession with the conspiracy theory could cost Republicans in the midterms in November, and Kilmeade agreed. “
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Bebe, you’re right that there are a small number of Republican truth-tellers, but they continue to be the exception. Fox News has certainly not criticized Trump anywhere near as much as it has supported Trump. And some Republicans, such as House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, who initially criticized Trump for “Stop the Steal” and the 1/6/21 riot later fell in line. 😦
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Dave you are so right , I never tuned in to FOX but the wind in shifting slowly, at least I would like to belirve that.
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I hope you’re right, Bebe! 🙂
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Stephen King’s The Stand is almost all supporting characters. The novel opens with a killer flu and we go from character to character watching them lose and bury loved ones. In the end we’re left with a group of survivors (and some bad guys) who try to find some normalcy (and beat the bad guys). I guess there are a couple of characters who have more presence on the page than others, but something I love about this book is how individual each character is. It’s one of those ones where you get to the end of the chapter and say No! I like him and don’t want to leave; and a second later you’re so happy because I love this character! I can’t wait to find out what she’s doing!
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Thank you, Susan!
Great and very well described point that novels like “The Stand” with “ensemble” casts basically feature a group of distinctive supporting characters with perhaps a few somewhat more prominent than others. Another, more recent example of that is Liane Moriarty’s excellent “Nine Perfect Strangers.”
And, yes, one hates to leave one character for another when reading a novel with an ensemble cast, but we soon get absorbed in the next character when an author is skilled — as King and Moriarty are. Later, we’re also happy when characters reappear. 🙂
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Even some classic novels have an ensemble cast, three that I’ve read are “A Tale Of Two Cities”, “War And Peace” and “Anna Karenina”. However, there are some characters in those novels that are considered protagonists according to reviews that I read on the net including websites such as Cliff Notes, Spark Notes, and Shmoop.
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Very true, Tony! Many characters in those classic novels with roughly equal roles, with some of them “first among equals.”
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Dave, please change “include” to “are” in “three that I’ve read include…” Thank you for your kind attention.
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Done!
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I wanted to think on this. However, 1 character kept being front and centre in my mind.
This is Scarlett O’Hara’s Mammy.
I understand the portrayal of slaves is of controversy. Nonetheless Mammy is an important secondary character.
I mention here that Hattie McDaniel won Best Supporting Actress for her performance in “Gone With The Wind” at the 12th scars in 1940. She was the first black person to do so.
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Thank you, Resa! That’s a great mention!
The treatment of African-Americans is problematic in “Gone With the Wind” — whether because Margaret Mitchell was racist, or because she wanted to show racism, or some combination of the two. But Mammy is a memorable supporting character, and Hattie McDaniel did a terrific job portraying her in the movie even though there may well have been some embarrassment for the actress in doing so.
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Understood!
I’m glad she won an Oscar. She may have been embarrassed, but she was a trail blazer!
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You’re right that she was a trailblazer, Resa, and I’m glad she won an Oscar, too!
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My wife always recommends it. Am gonna watch it .
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Thank you, unmasteredwriter!
The “Pride and Prejudice” movie mentioned by bebe? I should watch it, too; never saw it.
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Good Morning Dave…I just thought of Pride and Prejudice is an 1813 novel of manners written by Jane Austen . Supporting character who leaves a mark could be Lady Catherine, a small but unforgettable character.
I have read the Novel so many times since my teenage years.
Anyways HBO was showing the movie version of it today, and Madame Judy Dench was remarkable.( if you want a laugh in these trying times )
Of course the better version of the movie was long ago the five hour series on PBS.
( could you plese delete my post I posted in another topic ? thanks )
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Thank you, bebe, and good morning to you, too!
Love the clip — Judi Dench is amazing in it…funny and intimidating. A remarkable actress indeed.
Great that you’ve read “Pride and Prejudice” a number of times. I like the novel a lot, but have only read it once. 🙂
Will delete that other comment after I post this comment.
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For old hands and grizzled vets of Shakespeare, Falstaff and Mercutio will come trippingly to mind, each in his own unquiet way stealing scenes and affection throughout the audience by means that the putative lead characters, more constrained by their archetypal roles, do not, because they cannot.
But I will go back further in my life with books than college daze to recall and laud a sidekick/supporting character out of my boyhood: Reepicheep, the hero rat of CS Lewis’ “Voyage of the Dawn Treader”, one of the adjunct Narnia tales. This plucky rodent, chivalrous, fearless and loyal to point of death, stole my young heart 60 years ago, as I was a small boy who was ever on the lookout for small beings capable of great deeds. I treasured especially the scene of his last appearance among his fellows, a calm and shallow blossom-covered sea,wherein Aslan gives him leave and a boat to row toward his everlasting reward. Of course, being a small boy, I was in a lesser way also charmed by the boisterous doings of those lesser characters, the charmingly dense and monopedalian* dufflepods.
* For example of this possible neologism in a sentence, kindly take a gander at Peter Cook and Dudley Moore’s 1964 sketch, “One Leg Too Few” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbnkY1tBvMU
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Thank you, jhNY!
You named several scene-stealing supporting characters — with the adjective “scene-stealing” about the highest compliment one can offer a secondary player.
Great mention and description of Reepicheep! Supporting characters who are small and plucky definitely draw our regard. The hobbits created by C.S. Lewis’ pal Tolkien are prime examples of that.
Loved the skit you linked to! 😂
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As a rather lofty gentleman your own self, I am touched you could find interest in such minuscule characters as touched me, metaphorically speaking, in my youth. Perhaps the most ur-character of them all, out of my boyhood: Wee Geordie, who through faithful absorption of the teachings of Charles Atlas, grows to a brawny magnificence, eventually mastering the art of hammer-throwing, which, as I eventually came to realize, outside of the Highland Games and the Olympics, is an art one is seldom called upon to employ. Though it does occur to me that had John Henry known what Geordie learned to do, he might have cast his troubles far from the track, and lived.
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Thank you, jhNY! 🙂
I remember those Charles Atlas ads well. And, yes, there are some rather obscure sports in the Olympics.
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It was years before I would venture onto a beach, for fear, not of quicksand, but kicked sand.
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Brilliantly stated! (Being a kid ain’t easy in a lot of ways.)
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Mark Antony is a supporting character in Shakespeare’s tragedy “Julius Caesar” but he seems to have the most memorable lines in the play.
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Thank you, Tony!
A play I’ve never read, but, yes, supporting characters often get the best lines!
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I studied “Julius Caesar” and “Macbeth” in high school, I also studied “Romeo And Juliet” in what used to be called junior high school back in ancient times (That’s a joke).
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Ha, Tony! 🙂 I experienced junior high (rather than middle school) myself. 🙂
My Shakespeare reading assigned in high school predictably included “Macbeth” and “Hamlet.”
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It’s but foreshadowing of his impending role, in which he takes up half a play! (At least half a title).
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I cannot add anything literary wise, but I think it is understandable why we relate to ‘supporting characters’ in books. I would think that is how most of us see ourselves.
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Thank you, AnneMarie! That’s a great observation! As talented as many people are, not everyone can be “the star.” So we can indeed relate to supporting characters.
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Thank you, Dave. 😊
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You’re very welcome! 🙂
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On the other end of the measuring stick, there’s this observation of Alice Roosevelt Longsworth, about her father, Teddy: “He wants to be the bride at every wedding, the corpse at every funeral, and the baby at every christening.”
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Love that quote – but he can have the honors. I will be the bridesmaid, the mourner, and crazy Aunt Betsy.
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I also love that quote, jhNY! And I enjoyed your reply, AnneMarie!
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Well-put!
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Hi Dave, I have scattered supporting characters all over this discussion, but I would like to mention Clara from Heidi and also Grandfather who I loved [reminds me still of my dad]. Rupert the Bear had fabulous supporting characters and the author/artist was very diverse with her characters for that time. Do you have Rupert in the USA? If not you can read about him here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert_Bear. Nancy in Oliver Twist is another wonderful supporting character, as is Fagin. I just love this song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BtRMxBYaqs
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Thank you, Robbie!
Terrific mention of those two supporting characters in “Heidi” — which I FINALLY read about a year (?) ago. What a great novel. And, yes, Nancy and Fagin in “Oliver Twist.” Few authors created as many colorful supporting characters as Dickens. Mr. Micawber is among many who come to mind.
I’m not familiar with Rupert the Bear, but it might also be in the United States. 🙂
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My dad gave me my copy of Heidi. It is a special edition and I treasure it. My dad is a gem. Rupert and friends are cartoon characters but they feature in annuals and not newspapers or magazines. I have always love Rupert.
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What a wonderful gift and keepsake, Robbie! And a bonus (as you mentioned in your previous comment) that the grandfather in “Heidi” reminds you of your dad. 🙂
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As I’ve been mostly re-reading LOTR lately, I forgot how much I absolutely adore some of the supporting characters in there – especially Merry and Pippin. They’re always bringing comic relief into the situation when we most need it. And of course Jane Austin novels are always filled with a slew of memorable supporting roles – Mr. Collins has always been a favorite of mine. I’m one of the few who never got into the Outlander series, just not my cup of tea I guess! 🙂
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Thank you, M.B.!
“The Lord of the Rings” is indeed teeming with excellent supporting characters — also among them Treebeard the Ent 🙂 — and you brought up a great point that some secondary players can provide comic relief, in Tolkien’s work and in other authors’ work.
And, yes, what a gallery of memorable supporting characters in Jane Austen’s novels!
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All this discussion about who is the protagonist and who are supporting characters just proves that literature is not mathematics.
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So true, Tony, and well-stated!
I like literature a lot more than math. 🙂
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The first person comes to my mind Dave is Bela Mitra in Jhumpa Lahiri`s The Lowland..
Bela Mitra is the biological daughter of Udayan and Gauri, though she is raised in Rhode Island by Gauri and Subhash. Bela is politically-minded, socially conscious, and fiercely independent.
Her mother Gouri lefet Bela by herself when she was only five with her adress unknown. Gouri was highly educated but had no compassion.
I am quoting this from someone else
“Every night, at Bela’s insistence, Subhash lay with her until she fell asleep. It was a reminder of their connection to each other, a connection at once false and true. And so night after night, after helping her brush her teeth and changing her into her pajamas, he switched off the light and lay beside her. Some nights he, too, fell asleep briefly beside Bela.
Carefully he removed her hands from the collar of his shirt, and adjusted the blanket on top of her. Her head was thrust back on the pillow, in a combined posture of pride and surrender. He’d experienced such closeness with only one other person. With Udayan.
Each night, extracting himself from her, for a moment his heart stopped, wondering what she would say, the day she learned the truth about him.”
EventuallyBbela learned the truth and when her Mother came over to claim her Bela set her straight. That was the best part of the book.
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Thank you, bebe!
Bela is indeed a terrific supporting character in “The Lowland.” Smart, moral, and possessing a mind of her own, as you note. And the close, friendly relationship between her and her (non-biological) father is indeed very moving.
I agree that the scene between Bela and her mother near the end of the novel is the best scene in the book — among many excellent scenes.
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Flintwinch was definitely worth a mention, Dave. Cathy in East of Eden comes to my mind as an unforgettable supporting character. The type of character you love to hate. ☺️
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Thank you, Jennifer!
You’re right about Cathy in “East of Eden” — what a memorable villain. One sort of reluctantly admires her uncompromising approach to life, but she’s quite evil. Glad she’s a supporting character rather than the protagonist of the novel!
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Louisa May Alcott built an entire unique ensemble cast with adverbs. In 20th Century authors who routinely give just enough information for us to roll our own. Elmore Leonard, Faulkner, Steinbeck, MacDonald et al often wrote scene stealers as secondary to the main protagonist. Something still obvious in as diverse a crew as Hiaasen, DeMille and Caroline Graham.
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Thank you, Phil!
“Scene stealers” is the perfect phrase for some supporting characters. 🙂
Your mention of Louisa May Alcott reminded me of how some supporting characters end up more prominent in another book. The Civil War-absent March family father either doesn’t appear or appears very little in “Little Women” — I’m not remembering; it’s been many years since I’ve read Alcott’s novel. Yet he becomes the protagonist in “March,” the 2005 novel by Geraldine Brooks (an author, like the Carl Hiaasen you mentioned, with a journalism background).
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Alcott is the 19th Century exception to adverbs are the devil. I use the first page to show how well she lets everyone know who’s who and what to expect from them. Without the adept use of adverbs, she’d have been 10 pages in with active body and emotion beats. Faulkner got away with them, too. Not that I’m advocating, but from a literature standpoint it’s silly to “outlaw” anything but bad sentences.
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I hear you, Phil. When writing works, it works — whether or not “rules” are being broken.
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Agreed!
(I do wish my relations with wordpress were such that I could learn why it is my ‘like’ button won’t let me. As it is, I have to write in my superduper secret password on a separate page for every comment or reply I make. Ironically, I officially joined up so as to be able to ‘like’ via that button– but all I get now is a blank window that momentarily appears, only to disappear before filling itself in, or allowing me to do whatever it is I should do. And when I have tried to sign on to the site before commenting, I’m always informed I have no clearance to do so…)
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Very sorry about the WP issues, jhNY. 😦 I have no clue what’s causing them. 😦
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Mine was not so much a twisted cry for help as a yelp in the virtual wilderness.
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Venting is a necessity.
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Get a Gravatar, without a graphic if you like, Log in to your WordPress account, access other posts through the reader. Once you’re in WordPress there should be no issues. If you’e coming into WP from another source, definitely get a Gravatar.
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Hi Phil, scene stealers is exactly right for some secondary characters. Samwise from Lord of the Rings is one such character although I have to admit to not being a LofR’s fan.
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We can agree on that one!
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Hi Dave, what a great idea to focus on those supporting characters! I really liked the character of Flicka in ‘So Much For All That’ and there was also mention of Porfiry in ‘Crime and Punishment’. I enjoy the way he wends his way through the novel, although I was probably overthinking his role and wondering if he was all that he seemed because of his name! I have a couple of favourites though – Sydney Carton in ‘A Tale of Two Cities’, he was such a noble character. And I also really like the character of Curley’s Wife in ‘Of Mice And Men’, partly because I think she’s so misunderstood!
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Thank you, Sarah!
Porfiry is a great mention by you (and Tony in another comment). Despite him appearing only occasionally in “Crime and Punishment,” he’s quite crucial as sort of an antagonist to Raskolnikov. Porfiry definitely creates some suspense! And, as you note, he has quite an evocative name.
Also, excellent citing of those Dickens and Steinbeck novel characters! Speaking of the latter author, I love the “servant” who’s more than a servant Lee in “East of Eden.”
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I haven’t read East of Eden….yet. I’m sure I’ll get round to it at some point!
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A great novel! (With some autobiographical elements — Steinbeck himself even makes a cameo!) But, as we all know, it’s impossible to find the time to read everything. 🙂
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Thank you very much, Dave, for giving me all these new ideas about important minor characters:)
For the moment I can just think of Emma, who always seemed to be a little bit jealous of Jane Fairfax, who was quite a good musician and also had a somewhat misterious relationship with Emma’s admirer.
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Thank you, Martina! Great mention/description of Jane Fairfax!
The lead and supporting characters are quite interesting in “Emma,” as they are in all of Jane Austen’s novels. But “Emma,” though it’s a good book, is only my fifth favorite Austen title. Emma just annoys me too much with her meddling and such. 🙂
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This is very comprehensible for me, Dave!:) I also had the feeling that I wouldn’t have wanted to change their life with mine, but it was another time and another culture!:)
By the way, I was just wondering, why I hadn’t tought of the various great minor characters in Captain Corelli’s Mandolin, such as Pelagia and her father Dr. Iannis!
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Yes, Martina, being a character in “Emma” might not have been an enjoyable experience. 🙂
And I agree that Pelagia and Dr. Iannis are fantastic characters in “Captain Corelli’s Mandolin,” but I’m wondering if they’re more co-stars or almost co-stars than supporting characters in the novel?
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Hi Dave, I thought a supporting character can be any character who is not the protagonist or one of the protagonists in a novel, play, etc. whether they be a major or a minor character.
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I think the definition of a supporting character is kind of fluid, Tony. I can see the way you’re defining it. 🙂 In my case, I see literary works as having protagonists, co-stars or near co-starring major characters, and supporting characters. Basically, three rungs. Of course, I could have mentioned that in my blog post. 🙂
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To your 2nd point, Dave, I can add that I had the same doubt and found a site about literature, where they were of the opinion that Corelli is the only main character, but now I read on wikipedia that Pelagia and Dr. Iannis are also considered to be main characters, which we could probably accept! So, I have the impression that one can be different opinion.
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Thank you, Martina! Does seem like a gray area of sorts. 🙂
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:):)
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🙂
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Hi Martina, you are making me more and more curious about this book and I shall have to read it.
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I am sure that you will love it, Roberta:) Hope that you will tell me!! All the best.
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Indeed, I will.
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I am with you, Robbie. A very interesting book. Thanks to Martina for the introduction!
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Yep, I feel the same, Dave.
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Addie Bundren in As I Lay Dying was a very memorable secondary character for me, the linchpin of the book. I think Faulkner showed great insight into female psychology in writing her character.
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Thank you, Liz!
An excellent supporting character among an interesting cast in that novel. A number of them getting their “own” chapters, of course. 🙂
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Yes, Dewey Dell being one of them.
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True! (And a great character name.)
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It just dawned on me that the phrase has another meaning. *face palm*
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Liz, whatever that phrase-with-another-possible-meaning was, I totally missed it and the potential problem. Maybe a good thing? 🙂
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It could be a secluded valley covered in dew.
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Much more mellifluous-sounding than Dampened Ditch. 🙂
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Ha ha ha!!! 😀
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🙂
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In Fannie Flagg’s, “A Redbird Christmas ” Jack,the Cardinal was,in my opinion, a supporting character. This inquisitive, resilient little bird really changed the lives of so many in this charming book. I see the 🐦as a reflection of each character in story. 🙂
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Thank you, Michele!
I loved “A Redbird Christmas.” Such a feel-good novel, though there were some distressing moments.
Yes, animals can be wonderful supporting characters. So many examples — Rollo the dog in the “Outlander” novels and Whinney the horse in Jean M. Auel’s “Earth’s Children” series are two that come to mind.
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I like to read a novel in which, as the book progresses, the supporting characters are more tightly woven into the story, and while the protagonist is pulling the reader forward, the supporting characters are adding tension and surprise that fit nicely into the protagonist role but give added views, suspense, tension, to the story.
When an author mostly focuses on the protagonist, the story can become one-sided and have a weaker pull.
My life would be very dull if I didn’t have many supporting characters (all different ages) coming into and out of my life. I like to think I did shine sometimes in my roles as a mother, wife, friend, teacher, etc. Realistically, much of my shine comes through those who have walked hand-in-hand with me.
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Thank you, Mary Ruth! Very well said!
Yes, supporting characters can add a lot of depth, variety, and synergy (a bit of a pretentious word on my part 🙂 ) as a novel advances. Heck, the outcome of the book can sometimes be shaped by a supporting character or three.
And nice to think of real-life people who, at times, are supporting characters — us, family, friends, co-workers, etc. Glad you mentioned that!
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Great post Dave. I guess that any supporting character is king of their world offpage as it were. I remember doing a post way back about ‘being the bellboy’. I used the story about how Harrison Ford played a bellboy in a first role and got hauled aside by the director nand told straight that the world knew when the likes of Curtis and all first walked on the screen they ‘had it’ as in star quality but he didn’t, to which Ford apparently replied, ‘I thought I was just meant to be the bellboy.’ And I guess that is perhaps it for secondaries, they’re not there to take over the show. Set against that though I can’t help thinking that writers like Dickens wrote in a very different time in terms of how stories were told and created some of the most memorable secondaries going. You also have books where there’s a narrator… take Nelly Dean for example, who narrates the story to Lockwood who narrates it to us. I’ll shut up now before I write an essay, since I’m a secondary here – lol.
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Except to add that just cos you’re the bellboy it doesn’t mean you can’t be the most interesting bellboy going which is why I love writing secondaries.
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Thank you for the vivid, interesting comments, Shehanne!
Yes, a secondary character can/should be the best secondary character she or he can be without taking over the novel (or movie). But of course sometimes a supporting player has a certain star quality that can take over a novel (or movie).
Or, in the case of an author like Zola who put the same characters in more than one novel, they can be secondary in one book and a star in another. Or, a character in a series of novels can eventually become more prominent as the series goes on.
And a great mention of Nelly Dean — a crucial secondary character without whom “Wuthering Heights” would not have been as good. She kind of grounded the near-fantastical story line.
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Yes she did and had she not been lifted out of the ordinary character wise herself not many would have read beyond page 10 probably. So yes they have to be the best they can be and yes a secondary in one can book can be lead in another or a reprise as the same secondary again. Just finishing formatting a wip where I’m doing both. (Mind you the reprise is more reprisal though.)
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Your work-in-progress sounds very intriguing in that respect (and I’m sure in other respects, too!).
Interesting to think of how readers would have responded to “Wuthering Heights” without Nelly Dean there as a lens to view the goings-on and as a character readers could really relate to.
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For me her creation is an another example of Bronte’s skill. She’s a lens to the book and a lens seen through Lockwood’s eyes and he’s also a great creation. If she’d slacked in any way on making them what they are, thinking, that the main characters once they got out there, didn’t need them to be anything other than basic narrators , I don’t know how it would all have turned out.
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So very well stated, Shehanne!
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You’re too kind.
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🙂
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Hi Shey, there are books where the secondary characters almost outshine the protagonist because they are so [much more] interesting. The convict in Great Expectations, as mentioned by Tony in his comment, is one such character. He was far more interesting than Pip. Rose Red is another such character in What Katy did at School by Susan Coolidge and even the mad woman from Jane Eyre is the first character I think of when Jane Eyre is up for discussion. Maybe it was an era thing as books used to be much longer and the authors went into huge detail about everything.
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I think it was Robbie. I mean I generally don’t think of the ‘lead’ first either in many of these older books. I think of several spread out almost and the ‘lead’ as being the one to hang all their stories on. .
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Yes, exactly.
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Look at Wuthering Heights. Catherine Earnshaw dies half way through the book. As for A Tale of Two Cities–this will sound nuts but– it often felt like the French Revolution was the lead.
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Doesn’t sound nuts at all, Shehanne. I love the concept of an event being the star of a book. (Or, in some cases, a building — as with Shirley Jackson’s “The Haunting of Hill House.”)
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Lol. Thank goodness. After I said that I thought.. hmm… ????? But you are spot on re Hill House. It is a building. Way back I used to write kind of extended novellas my probably long suffering friends would ask for. And what I would do there was choose the backdrop, say the Crusades and then put the characters against that. A lot of these older books, if you step back I guess, do that. If it’s not an event it is social circumstances.
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Interesting, Shehanne — the circumstances first, and then the characters. Why not? 🙂
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I sometimes feel this present trend for two mains, has kind of ‘spoiled’ a lot of that.
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I remember when Catherine dies. Her death triggered a lot of tragedy. As for A Tale of Two Cities, I’d not thought of it that way, but yes, that seems quite right.
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Catherine’s death was indeed seismic, Robbie, in all kinds of ways in “Wuthering Heights”!
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xxx Roberta. To be truthful I’m never sure who is meant to be the main in that book.
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Some interesting or well written supporting characters in literature include Betsy Trotwood, Uriah Heep, and Mr. Micawber “David Copperfield” Madame Defarge “A Tale Of Two Cities”, Bertha Mason “Jane Eyre”, Dunya, Svidrigailov and Porfiry Petrovich (I had to look up these names) “Crime And Punishment”, Diggory Venn “The Return Of The Native” and Alfred Doolittle “Pygmalion” (a play).
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Thank you, Tony!
Very nice list. I suspect few novelists created as many vivid supporting characters as Charles Dickens did. Often not three-dimensional, but often memorable.
And Bertha Mason moved from supporting character to a star turn of sorts in Jean Rhys’ “Jane Eyre” prequel “Wide Sargasso Sea.”
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You know that I will be mentioning Samwise from Lord of the Rings. I loved that character and even named my “cat-friend” Samwise. Going back to my early reads, Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, and Mrs. Which from “A Winkle in Time” by Madeline L’Engle.
“Life, with its rules, its obligations, and its freedoms, is like a sonnet: You’re given the form, but you have to write the sonnet yourself.” Mrs. Whatsit
My favouite Pride and Prejudice character was Mrs. Bennett. She was the loudest character of novel and enjoyed being the victim. But she worked diligently on behalf of her daughters, taking advantage of every opportunity to position them for a happy and financially secure life.
Boo Radley from “To Kill a Mockingbird” was an extraordinary character. Harper Lee brought him to life slowly, with great care.
Winnie-the-Pooh has marvelous supporting characters from Eeyore (Thanks for noticin’ me) to Piglet (Oh d-d-dear) to Tigger and Rabbit (“Tiggers never go on being Sad,” explained Rabbit.)
Another wonderful post, Dave. I am looking back to follow-up on the discussion. Many thanks for reminding me of dynamic supporting characters.
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Thank you, Rebecca! 🙂
You named several unforgettable supporting characters — including Samwise, who in a way is just as much a star of Tolkien’s trilogy as Frodo, Gandalf, Gollum, etc.
Yes, what would “Pride and Prejudice” be without Mrs. Bennet? Even as her daughters — especially Elizabeth — and Mr. Darcy are more prominent in Austen’s novel.
Boo Radley is certainly a “minor” character in “To Kill a Mockingbird” compared to Scout and Atticus, but so crucial to the book…and its conclusion.
I’m looking forward to the discussion, too — and enjoying the discussion so far. 🙂
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In addition, to Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird, Dill was another good supporting character. He was such an odd little fellow.
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You’re right, Liz! At least partly based on Truman Capote as a kid, I think.
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That’s my understanding as well.
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I agree, Liz! Dill added a layer of complexity simply by being present.
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Hi Rebecca, thank you for mentioning Eeyore from Winnie-the-Pooh, he is my favourite favourite (like the purple Quality Street – do you have Quality Street in Canada?). I wanted to ask you what you thought about Princess Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskoy from War and Peace. I think she is a wonderful supporting character. She has so much determination and is always around (so far) when anything of importance is happening. We can all learn the art of social climbing and manipulation from her.
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Princess Anna Mikhailovna is my most favourite character of War and Peace so far!. In fact, I felt an immediate kindred spirit the first time she was introduced. She is brilliant, strategic, determined and has great intuition. I love how she managed to persuade Prince Vassily to well-position her son, Boris. Indeed, she is a master of the art of social climbing and manipulation.
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Hi Rebecca, I basically skimmed through “War And Peace” so I don’t remember Princess Anna, but my favorite character is Prince Andrei, he seems stern on the surface but can also be kind, generous, and honorable. I also like Marshal Kutuzov (an actual historical figure), Pierre, Sonia and Denisov in this novel.
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Dave, please change skimped to skimmed in “I basically skimped…”. My spelling leaves a lot to be desired. Thank you for your kind attention.
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Fixed! 🙂
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Thank you, Tony. As I continue to read “War and Peace” I wonder why I didn’t read this book before. What I find truly remarkable is Tolstoy’s ability to reveal characters as the narrative evolves. When I first met Prince Andrei in the first chapters, there was a coldness, even aloofness until Pierre walks into the room. There was genuine joy at seeing his friend.Then there was the profound exchange between father and son just before Part 2. I have just met Marshal Kutuzov and look forward to how Tolstoy will build his character. 2022 will be a very interesting year!!
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Ha! I am delighted we admire the same characteristics and character, Rebecca.
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HI Rebecca, I have a hard time thinking of Samwise as a supporting character. To me, he was the hero of LotR’s. My favourite supporting character from The Hobbit was Beorn. I loved the way he lived on honey and cream and loved animals.
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JRR had an interesting way of intertwining characters so that it was very difficult to identify supporting characters. He was always digressing (something I enjoyed in LOTR and The Hobbit) into stories that were not directly attached to the overarching storyline, but without them the narrative would not be as rich and rewarding. For example – Tom Bombadil and his wife Goldberry. Beorn was brilliant, wasn’t he? And he came up in JRR’s LOTR. I imagine that JRR became attached to the characters he created. As a reader, I found it very easy to become attached to them as well.
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It’s hard to think of Mrs. Bennett without smiling (ok, or smirking 🙃) a little. I feel that’s a testament to how good Jane Austen was to create such memorable (supporting) characters in a single book.
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I agree wholeheartedly!!
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Thank you, Endless Weekend! VERY well said. She really is quite a character. Creations like her definitely help explain why Jane Austen’s novels are still so popular more than two centuries later.
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Indeed they do, I’m glad you highlighted to supporting characters aspect in creating the enduring appeal! Authors like Jane Austen remind me of the Mark Twain quote “I didn’t have time to write you a short letter, so I wrote you a long one.” She seems (to me) to have taken the time to write the short letter.
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Excellent analogy, Endless Weekend! Memorable supporting characters are indeed harder to create than it might seem.
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In Dickens’ “Great Expectations” the eccentric but vindictive recluse Miss Havisham and the frightening but ultimately generous convict Magwitch are among the most memorable characters in this novel. In Tolstoy’s “Anna Karenina” Anna’s amoral and irresponsible but genial brother Stiva Oblonsky is also a memorable character.
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Thank you, Tony! Some supporting characters — such as the two you mention from “Great Expectations” — can be so vivid and interesting that they almost feel like the novel’s co-stars. (Even though they’re not quite the novel’s co-stars.)
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Fantastic mentions, Tony. I watched the film of Great Expectations with my mom when I was 8 years old. The scene with Miss Havisham in her wedding gown and the rats on the wedding table scared me to death, as did the scene where Pip meets the convict in the graveyard and he asks for food. I have never forgotten those scenes. I subsequently read the book a few times and it is my favourite Dickens.
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Many of my favorite supporting characters were created by Jane Austen: Mr. Bennett, Charlotte Lucas, Mrs. Jennings, Harriet Smith…I could go on.
I have fun going back and forth about who is really the main female character and who are the supporting female characters in the novel “Rebecca.” Is it Mrs. Danvers, Mrs. De Winter, or Rebecca?
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Thank you, vanaltman! Yes, Jane Austen and Daphne du Maurier created many memorable supporting characters. You named some great ones! In Austen’s case, there was also Mrs. Norris — the very annoying “Mansfield Park” character who would inspire the name of the pet cat of the creepy Filch in the “Harry Potter” books. 🙂 And, yes, sometimes it’s hard to tell a main character from a supporting character — excellent point!
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I rather liked the character of Rebecca! I agree about going back and forth between Mrs. Danvers, Mrs. De. Winter and Rebecca. The connection between them was one of the strongest that I’ve encounter in literature, next to Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.
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That character also has a nice (and familiar) name, Rebecca. 🙂
Daphne du Maurier was definitely an expert at intriguing, misdirecting, and entrancing readers.
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Before I read Rebecca, I thought that she would be the “nice” one. Instead she turned out to be a remarkable, multi-dimensional character that was a haunting ghost throughout the book. Much more exciting!!
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I hear you, Rebecca! du Maurier did something relatively similar with Rachel in “My Cousin Rachel.” A VERY complex character who a reader didn’t know whether to like or dislike.
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I have Rebecca on my TBR as a result of your recommendation and then you lured me into War and Peace so it is languishing on my mile-high pile – smile!
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I am so glad to know you have a mile-high pile of TBR, Robbie!! Dave’s posts and all the wonderful follow-up discussions entice us with many reading possibilities.
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Thank you, Rebecca! 🙂 I have read MANY authors and novels after they were recommended in the comments here. 🙂
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